What is an antigen detection test?

Introduction

An antigen detection test is a crucial tool in the arsenal of diagnostics, primarily used for the rapid detection of antigens related to infectious agents. These tests are particularly significant in controlling the spread of infectious diseases by enabling quick isolation and treatment of infected individuals.

Definition of Antigen Detection Test

An antigen detection test is a diagnostic test that identifies specific proteins, known as antigens, on the surface of pathogens like viruses and bacteria. These proteins trigger the body's immune response, and their detection helps in diagnosing the presence of an infectious agent.

Principle of Antigen Detection Tests

Antigen detection tests typically employ immunoassays which use antibodies to bind specific antigens. The presence of these antigen-antibody complexes can be detected using various methods, providing a direct indication of the presence of the pathogen in the sample. Methods like lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are commonly utilized for this purpose.

Types of Antigen Detection Tests

• Rapid Antigen Tests: These provide results quickly, often within 15-30 minutes, and are suitable for point-of-care testing.
• Quantitative Antigen Tests: These offer quantitative measurements of antigen concentrations, useful for monitoring infection levels.

Performance Parameters of Antigen Detection Tests

Performance of antigen detection tests is determined by parameters like sensitivity and specificity.

• Sensitivity: Measures the test's ability to correctly identify those with the disease. A high sensitivity indicates fewer false negatives.
• Specificity: Measures the test's ability to correctly identify those without the disease. A high specificity indicates fewer false positives.
• Limit of Detection (LOD): The smallest amount of antigen that can be detected by the test.

Numerical analysis reveals that rapid antigen tests typically have a sensitivity range of 50-90% and specificity range of 85-100%, depending on the test and the prevalence of the disease.

Immuno Company Solutions

Immuno Company offers a variety of solutions for antigen detection:

• Immuno Rapid Test Kit: Provides results within 15 minutes with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 97%.
• Immuno ELISA Kit: Suitable for laboratory settings, offering quantitative results with a sensitivity range of 90-95%.

Conclusion

Antigen detection tests play a pivotal role in the timely diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Their ability to deliver quick and reliable results makes them invaluable in healthcare settings, particularly during outbreaks and pandemics.

References

1. World Health Organization. Antigen-Detection in the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. (2020).
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim Guidance for Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2. (2021).
3. Immuno Company. Product Information Brochures. (2023).